Jahandar Shah was born in the year 1661 CE to the Mughal ruler Bahadur Shah I. His full name was Mirza Muizz ud Din Beig Muhammed Khan. The title of Jahandar Shah was Shahanshah-i-Ghazi Abu'l Fath Mu'izz-ud-Din Muhammad Jahandar Shah Sahib-i-Quran Padshah-i-Jahan (Khuld Aramgah). Jahandar Shah sat on the Mughal throne in the year 1712 CE and ruled the empire till 1713 CE.

Jahandar Shah was a weak and degenerate ruler who completely devoted his life to pleasure. During his reign, the administration of the Mughal Empire was in the hands of his Wazir, Zulfiqar Khan. Zulfiqar Khan was one of the most powerful nobles of that time. As a ruler, Jahandar Shah lacked good manners, dignity, and decency and he also neglected his state affairs. In the year 1713, he was defeated by Farrukhsiyar, the second son of Azim-ush-shan, in the battle at Agra with the help of Sayyid brother.

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