The Fatimid Caliphate was an Islamic Caliphate, claimed descent from Fatimah, the daughter of Prophet Muhammad. The Fatimid spanned a large area of North Africa, from the Red Sea in the east to the Atlantic Ocean in the west.

Abdulla al-Mahdi Billah was the founder of the Ismaili Fatimid Caliphate. Al-Mahdi established himself at the former Aghlabid residence at Raqqada, Al-Qayrawan (in what is now Tunisia). After that, his power grew. At the time of his death, he had extended his reign over the Maghreb, but campaigns into Egypt (in 914–915 and 919–921) faltered against the resistance of the Abbasids, with heavy casualties. His coins depicts the legend ‘Abd allah la ilah illa allah wahdahu la sharik lahu amir al-mu’minin muhammad rasul allah arsalahu bi’l-huda wa din al-haqq li-yuzhirahu ‘ala al-din kullihi wa law kariha al-mushrikun’ on the obverse face. The reverse of a coin inscribed with ‘Al-imam Muhammad rasul Allah al-Mahdi billahbism Allah duriba hadha’l-dinar bi’l-qayrawan Sana thalaatha wa thalathmi’a’.

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