The Syrian Republic was formed in 1930 as a component of the French Mandate of Syria and Lebanon, succeeding the State of Syria. It became a de-facto sovereign state on 17 April 1946.

After World War I French troops occupied Syria as suggested by the League of Nations. However, a couple of years later a revolt against the French broke out which led to the negotiations. Finally, in the year 1936 Syria and France negotiated a treaty of independence. However, the treaty never came into force because the French Legislature refused to ratify it.

With the fall of France in 1940 during World War II, Syria came under the control of Vichy France until the British and Free French occupied the country in the Syria-Lebanon campaign in July 1941. Continuing pressure from Syrian nationalists and the British forced the French to evacuate their troops.

Finally, on 17th April 1946, the French to evacuate their troops in April 1946, leaving the country in the hands of a republican government that had been formed during the mandate.

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