Johore (Johor) is a state with numerous small islands located between the South China Sea and the Strait of Malacca, with the capital of Johor Baharu. Alauddin, son of Sultan Mahmud, who fled Malacca after the Portuguese conquest of 1511, declared himself the first Sultan of Johore. Johore later was captured by Acheh, Sumatra, in 1564 and became its vassel state until the collapse of the Acheh Empire in 1641. In 1717, Raja Kechil of Siak, captured Johore, but was later defeated by Bugis forces in 1722. The Dutch defeated the Bugis forces in 1784 and subjected Johore to their control. Johore was later split by Dutch and English infl uence with the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824. Johore came under British protection as one of the unfederated Malay States by the Anglo-Johore Treaty of 1885. By the end of January 1942 until 1945, Japanese forces occupied Johore. In April 1946, Johore joined the short-lived Malayan Union. In 1948 Johore became part of the Federation of Malaya, attained independence in 1957, and in 1963 became one of the component States of Malaysia.