{"id":1767,"date":"2018-08-24T12:20:34","date_gmt":"2018-08-24T12:20:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.mintageworld.com\/blog\/?p=1767"},"modified":"2018-08-29T11:16:22","modified_gmt":"2018-08-29T11:16:22","slug":"women-indian-coins","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mintageworld.com\/blog\/women-indian-coins\/","title":{"rendered":"Affirmation of women empowerment: Women on Indian coins-I"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>In ancient India women held a higher position in the society, ancient texts are full of such references to justify the contribution of women. The earliest evidence of woman\u2019s position in the society is seen through the findings of the mother goddess and fertility cult worship from the Indus valley civilization. Yet, seldom there will be any reference to <strong>women on Indian coins<\/strong> as a sovereign compared to men.<!--more--><\/p>\n<p>Still, Indian coinage gives an ample amount of example of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mintageworld.com\/story\/detail\/34-Women-on-Ancient-Coins\/\"><strong>women empowerment<\/strong><\/a> as a joint or an independent ruler on coinage. There are many queens, whose names were inscribed on coins from Queen Naganika, Sungandha Devi to Chennabahira Devi and Nurjana these legendary women have left their mark on history. It will be a thrilling experience to analyse this part of Indian history through metal currency.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mintageworld.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/1-1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1769\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mintageworld.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/1-1.jpg\" alt=\"women-indian-coins\" width=\"628\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.mintageworld.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/1-1.jpg 628w, https:\/\/www.mintageworld.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/1-1-300x191.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 628px) 100vw, 628px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Queen Naganika<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>In 1st Century BC, there was a phenomenal queen called Naganika, she is known to be the first Indian queen to issue coins in her name. Queen Naganika was the wife of Satakari I who was a renowned ruler of Satavahana dynasty. She is probably the first person in history to have her name associated with a king on Indian coins. The evidence of such coin is seen in the inscription of Nanaghat near Junnar, it also records different sacrifices celebrated with donation done through coins (Karsapanas).\u00a0 The Stavahana dynasty had good trade relations with the Roman Empire, thus base metal for local currency was supplied by the Romans. The inscription also mentions a guild of barriers, it states that King Satakarni had ordered to melt down the silver Roman coin and minted the Kharapanas in Junnar. The silver coins of King Satakarni I and queen Naganika were issued on the occasion of Asvamedha sacrifice.<\/p>\n<p>In the above-shown image, the alloyed copper coin (image a) of Queen Naganika is shown. On the obverse side of this coin, a Brahmi legend is inscribed, which reads \u2018Naganikaya\u2019 vertically on a pillar railing with another legend \u2018SiriSata\u2019 in Brahmi on the right side.<\/p>\n<p>One another speciality of the Satavahana Kings is that they used their mother\u2019s name (Matriarchal system) in their initials for e.g.: Gotamiputra Satakari, Vasisthiputra Satakarni, Kochiputra Satakari. These names are found on both coins and inscription, like Kochi, Vasisthi, Gotami are the crowned queens of this dynasty. This practice also shows the status of women during that time.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Indo-Greek Queen\u2019s<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Queen Agathokleia<\/p>\n<p>The first women to rule the Hellenistic Kingdom is queen Agathokleia, she is popularly known as Agathokleia Theotropos. Queen Agathokleia was an Indo-Greek queen and ruled northern India around 2nd century BC as regent for her son king Strato I.<\/p>\n<p>Queen Agathokleia issued gold, silver, copper and bronze coins during her reign. On coins Agathokleia seems to associate herself with Athena; the Goddess of war, one fine example is the above-shown copper coin (image b). Most of her coins are the joint issues with her son Strato I. In the early issues of the Queen Agathokleia, her son king Strato I\u2019s portrait is not depicted; he was shown in standing position and holding spear and shield in his both arms. Later on, the conjoined busts of both Agathokelia and Strato I were circulated.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Queen Calliope<\/p>\n<p>Another Indo-Greek queen is Calliope or Kalliope. She was the wife of a Eucratid dynasty King Hermaeus. He ruled the Paropamisade in the Hindu-Kush region around 90 BC. Queen Calliope appears on the coinage of her husband King Hermaeus. A silver drachma (image c) depicts the conjoined bust of both king and queen, this coin was circulated around 90 to 70 BC.<\/p>\n<p>From this example, one can see the power queen held over the administration of the state. This silver coin stated her power as the joint sovereign over the kingdom.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mintageworld.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/2-1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1770\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mintageworld.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/2-1.jpg\" alt=\"women-indian-coins\" width=\"628\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.mintageworld.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/2-1.jpg 628w, https:\/\/www.mintageworld.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/2-1-300x191.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 628px) 100vw, 628px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Queen Sugandha Devi<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The first known woman ruler of Kashmir, Queen Sugandhadevi left a benchmark for many to be queens of Kashmir. She was from the Utapala dynasty and her reign lasted for a decade from 905 to 907 CE, first as a regent and later on a sole ruler for three years. According to Rajataragini she was overthrown and executed by her courtiers.<\/p>\n<p>The coins issued by her were inscribed with her name as \u2018Sri Sugandhadeva\u2019 instead of Devi. Similar coin (image b) is shown in the above image with legend Sri Sugandhadeva and goddess Lakshmi (Ardochsho) in the lallitasana.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Queen Somala Devi<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The Queen of the Chauhan dynasty, Somala Devi also known as Somalekha Devi. Her name appeared on coins as the joint ruler with her husband King Ayaja Raja and later as sole ruler.<\/p>\n<p>In the above-shown picture, the copper coin (image a) of queen Somalekha bore the inscription \u2018Somla Devi\u2019 with an illustration of a crude horseman. There are many\u00a0different and unique type of copper coinage of queen on which a man is illustrated with elephant motif. She also issued coins in silver.<\/p>\n<p>Even after her death, Somala Devi appeared on the later coinage. These coins depict a highly ornamented horseman and elephant.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mintageworld.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/3-1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1771\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mintageworld.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/3-1.jpg\" alt=\"women-indian-coins\" width=\"628\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.mintageworld.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/3-1.jpg 628w, https:\/\/www.mintageworld.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/3-1-300x191.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 628px) 100vw, 628px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Queen Rudrama Devi<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The Kakatiya Queen of Warangal, Rudramadevi ruled the southern Deccan around 1262 to 1289 CE.\u00a0 She acquired the title of her father King Ganapatideva after her victory over the Yadava king of Devagiri. Rudramadevi was succeeded by her grandson king Pratapadeva, thus we can say, the Kakatiya throne was passed on twice through a female ruler.<\/p>\n<p>Rudramadevi issued gold pagoda and Gadyana coins during her reign, the gold pagoda (image a) in the above-shown picture was issued by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mintageworld.com\/media\/detail\/5139-queen-of-kakatiya-dynasty\/\"><strong>Queen Rudramadevi<\/strong><\/a>. This coin depicts Boar in the centre with Kannada legend \u2018Raaya Gaja Kesari\u2019 meaning \u2018Lion to the Elephant like enemies\u2019.<\/p>\n<p>It is also interesting to know that all the gold pagoda and gadyana coins of Kakaitya dynasty that consist the Boar (Varaha) symbol and epithet ending with \u2018Kesari\u2019 were called Kesari Vahara.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Queen Didda <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The wisest and powerful queen of Kashmir, Didda Rani\u2019s reign is the representation of the women power in India. In Rajatarangini, she is portrayed as a ruthless, immoral and evil ruler, but this literature source was documented after a century of her reign. She was an intelligent and influential queen of Parvagupta dynasty. Her first illustration on coin came as a joint ruler with her husband King Kshemagupta as \u2018Di (dda) Kshemagupta Deva\u2019.<\/p>\n<p>After the death of her husband she also acted as a regent queen in her son\u2019s name Abhimanyudeva. After her son\u2019s death <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mintageworld.com\/media\/detail\/7430-queen-of-kashmir\/\"><strong>Didda Rani<\/strong><\/a> became regent for her grandson Bhimagupta but due to mysterious circumstance even he died. At this point, she ascended the throne and issued coins in her names as \u2018Sri Didda\u2019. The bronze coin (image b) with a legend in Sharada script \u2019Sri Didda\u2019 in its reverse side is a fine example of her coinage. It also illustrated goddess Lakshmi (Ardochsho) seated in lalitasana. Didda Rani ruled for 22 years and was succeeded by her brother\u2019s son king Vigraharaja.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mintageworld.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/4-1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1772\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mintageworld.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/4-1.jpg\" alt=\"women-indian-coins\" width=\"628\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.mintageworld.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/4-1.jpg 628w, https:\/\/www.mintageworld.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/4-1-300x191.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 628px) 100vw, 628px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Queen Managammal<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Rani Mangammal, the queen of the Chokkanatha Nayaka of Madurai. She is known for her contribution to the development of infrastructure. She ruled as a regent for her grandson Vijayaranga Chokkanatha. Her diplomacy helped a great deal maintaining good relation with the neighbouring powers. Mangammal established a state policy which was liberal towards all the religious practices and beliefs. She is also famous as the road maker and ruled from 1689 to 1704 CE.<\/p>\n<p>In the above-shown image, Queen Mangammal copper coin (image a) is shown. The obverse of this coin depicts a lion body with the face of Lord Narashima walking towards right within a line border. The reverse of this coin depicts a legend inscribed in Telugu which reads \u2018Sri Mangammal\u2019 within the line border.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Queen Kamwaladevi \/ Kamla Devi<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Not much is known about this Yadava Queen of Devagiri, Kamwaladevi \/ Kamla Devi but she for sure played an important role in the administration and political aspect of the kingdom. The fine evidence of this is the gold gadyana shown in the above image. This coin (image b) is a joint issue of Queen Kamwaladevi \/ Kamla Devi and Singhana III, the last ruler of the dynasty who was defeated by King Alauddin Khalji.<\/p>\n<p>This 3.84 grams coin features a royal emblem composed of ornament of shankha and chakra symbol flanking a sword. The reverse of this coin depicts a legend inscribed in three lines which reads \u2018Shri Singhana Kamwala Devi\u2019.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>All the above-mentioned queens in some way or another gave an immeasurable contribution to the development and protection of their kingdom. One cannot deny that Indian women played a key role in establishing the fundamentals of the great dynasties and civilizations in India. These <strong>women on Indian coins<\/strong> played an important role to improve the thoughts of Patriarchal society. The best example is the wife of King Chandragupta II, queen Dhruvadevi an amazing woman, her intelligence and bravery were legendary among her subject. Her story goes as that she was married to Chandragupta\u2019s brother Ramagupta but as he was a weak ruler and agreed to hand her over to the enemy king to save his own life. Hence, as the knowledgeable women, as she was, she quotes, the sentence of Arathashatra that a man who is dead, unfit, cowards, left for an unknown destination or put his wife in danger than the women can leave her husband and remarry. The name of this brave queen of Gupta Empire was beautifully depicted on the lead coins issued by King Chandragupta II as a joint issue.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>These queens truly justify the quote \u2018the hand that rocks the cradle rules the world\u2019. As equal to the counterpart of their time, these legendary women proved that they were an able and strong leader for their subjects. There are more queens who made their presence know in history, it will be a fascinating journey to learn more about them.<\/p>\n<p>Till then, stay in touch with us and wait for the next journey to commence to learn more about the <strong>women on Indian coins<\/strong> who turned the tide of time in their favour.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Bibliography<\/p>\n<p>QUEENS AND COINS OF INDIA-Jayanti Rath<\/p>\n<p>Image Courtesy: Todywalla Auction, Classical Numismatic and Amit Udeshi<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In ancient India women held a higher position in the society, ancient texts are full of such references to justify the contribution of women. The earliest evidence of woman\u2019s position in the society is seen through the findings of the mother goddess and fertility cult worship from the Indus valley civilization. Yet, seldom there will &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mintageworld.com\/blog\/women-indian-coins\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Affirmation of women empowerment: Women on Indian coins-I<\/span> <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":1776,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[38],"tags":[913,919,916,912,914,918,911,917,920,915],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Affirmation of women empowerment: Women on Indian coins-I - Blog | Mintage World<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"In ancient India, women held a higher position in society and this is asserted by ample examples of women on Indian coins. 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